The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has recently released a statement addressing the potential introduction of bird flu from US dairy cattle to Europe. While the risk is considered very unlikely, EFSA emphasizes the importance of vigilance and proactive measures to prevent any potential outbreaks. Here's a breakdown of their findings and recommendations:
Unlikely, but Vigilance is Key
EFSA's assessment reveals that the specific H5N1 genotype virus circulating in US dairy cattle is highly unlikely to be introduced into Europe through dairy trade. However, they urge caution and proactive steps to mitigate any potential risks. The authority's focus is on preventing the virus from entering the EU and minimizing its impact if it were to occur.
Mitigation Measures for Animal Health
To safeguard animal health, EFSA suggests implementing the following measures:
Trade Restrictions: Implementing trade restrictions from affected regions in the US can help prevent the entry of infected dairy products or animals into Europe.
Equipment Sanitation: Thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting milking equipment is crucial to eliminate any potential viral traces.
Coordinated Action: In the event of an outbreak, coordinated efforts to control both poultry and dairy cows are advised to reduce the overall impact and prevent further spread.
Movement Restrictions: Restricting the movement of cattle in affected areas can help contain the virus and prevent its spread to other regions.
Worker and Equipment Exchange Avoidance: Avoiding the exchange of workers, vehicles, and equipment between farms can minimize the risk of viral transmission.
Strict Biosecurity: Enforcing strict biosecurity measures on farms, including proper sanitation and hygiene practices, is essential to prevent the introduction and spread of the virus.
Milk and Milk Products
EFSA's assessment also examines the potential for the virus to be transmitted through food. While the primary route of consumer exposure would be through drinking raw milk, raw colostrum, or raw milk cream, experts emphasize that thermal treatment such as pasteurization is highly effective at reducing the virus in milk and milk products. Importantly, there have been no reported cases of foodborne human infection with this specific genotype to date.
Looking Ahead
EFSA's latest opinion is based on a scientific report published in July 2025, which analyzes the situation in the US and tracks the possible routes of spread of the virus. While the risk is considered low, EFSA's recommendations highlight the importance of staying vigilant and proactive in preventing the introduction and spread of bird flu in Europe.
